$7 million finance package agreed by local authorities for design of second $175 million tube beneath river. Tenders for design expected Autumn, 2001 with construction start in 2004. First enquiry through www.dcftoulon.fr 19/01. Geological and geotechnical investigations for second tube about to start. Contact DDE du Var, tel +33 494468395. 42/01. Contract awards to ERG (lot 1) and Fondasol (lot 2) for core drilling and in situ testing as part of the second tube of the Toulon crossing. Visit www.fondasol.fr 04/02. Preinformation notice for engineering as part of the second tube of the city's underground crossing. The project is a 1.8 km-long 11 m-diameter tunnel with an average overburden of 25 metres, five 50 m-long 3.3 m-diameter cross passages, two 50 m-long 10 m-diameter cross passages, five access shafts and two 200 m-long cut-and-cover sections at each end. Construction estimated at €200 million. Visit http://ted.eur-op.eu.int/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=111226-2002, OJ S 141, or contact DDE du Var, Toulon, fax +33 494468141. 31/02.Restricted procedure, deadline 15th October, 2002 for engineering for the second tube of the city's underground crossing. Visit http://ted.eur-op.eu.int/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=117014-2002, OJ S 147, or contact DDE du Var, Toulon, fax +33 494468005 or +33 494468141. 32/02.A JV of Setec TPI and Terrasol has bagged a €8.9 million engineering contract for the second tube of the city tunnel linking highways A50 and A57 in Toulon. Visit www.tpi.setec.fr and www.terrasol.com 40/03.Open invitation to tender, deadline 26th February, 2004 for grouting work, construction of a shaft and a test tunnel as part of the second tube for the city's underground connection between highways A 50 and A 57. Visit http://ted.publications.eu.int/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=005712-2004, OJ S 7, or contact DDE du Var, Toulon, fax +33 494468141 or 494468005. 04/04.Open call for bids, deadline 10th March, 2004 for core drills as part of the second tube of the city tunnel linking highways A50 and A57. Visit http://ted.publications.eu.int/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=031354-2004, OJ S 36, or contact DDE du Var, Toulon, fax +33 494468141 or 8005. 11/04.ERG has secured a EUR167,200 contract for core drills as part of the second bore planned under Toulon to connect highways A50 and A57. Visit www.erg-sa.fr 27/04.Open call for tenders, deadline 7th December, 2004 for topographical services for the second tunnel under Toulon to link the A50 and A57 highways. Visit http://ted.publications.eu.int/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=177364-2004, OJ S 207, or contact DDE du Var, Toulon, fax +33 494468141. 44/04.Restricted call for tenders, deadline 17th January, 2005 for civil engineering for the second tube of the city tunnel across Toulon, to link highways A50 and A57. It is a two-lane tunnel, with a 210 m cut-and-cover section at the west end (A50 highway), a 1,818 m 120 sq m bored section to be driven in soft, very heterogeneous ground and a 201 m cut-and-cover section at the east end (A57 highway). Also 10 cross passages, five escape stairs and a 40 m-deep 200 sq m working shaft. Total estimated cost: EUR167 million. The tunnelling method will not be the mechanical precutting method nor a TBM. Visit http://ted.publications.eu.int/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=197213-2004, OJ S 229, or contact DDE du Var, Toulon, fax +33 494463250. E-mail dde-var@equipement.gouv.fr. More at www.var.equipement.gouv.fr/depart/presse/dos-2004.html 49/04.Open call for tenders, deadline 1st August, 2005 for safety and health protection coordination, as part of the construction of the second tube of the 2.2 km cross city tunnel in Toulon. Visit http://ted.publications.eu.int/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=109697-2005, OJ S 110, or contact DDE du Var, Toulon, fax +33 494468141. 24/05.Open call for tenders, deadline 2nd November, 2005 for topographical measurements, as part of the construction of the second tube of the cross city tunnel in Toulon, which links the A50 and A57. It is a 1,818 m bored tunnel, with cut-and-cover sections at each end (210 m and 201 m), 10 cross passages to the existing north tube, an access shaft and three emergency exit staircases. Visit http://ted.publications.eu.int/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=191184-2005, OJ S 194, or contact DDE du Var, Toulon, fax +33 494468141. 42/05.On 26th October, 2005 a defeated bidder lodged an appeal at the Nice administrative court to stop the signature of the civil engineering contract for the second tube (1.8 km) of the Toulon city tunnel between motorways A50 and A57. In a judgment pronounced on 14th November, 2005 the court questioned the procedure and ordered to the ministry of equipment and transport to launch a new call for tenders, expected in the next few weeks. 49/05.Open call for tenders, deadline 23rd June, 2006 for construction of the south tunnel of the Toulon crossing, to link highways A 50 and A 57. The tunnel will carry two lanes and be equipped with a semi-transversal ventilation system. The project includes cut-and-cover stretches (210 m at the west and 201 m at the east), a bored main tunnel (1,818 m), 10 cross passages to the existing tube, one ventilation crosscut, five escape staircases, two connecting galleries and a 250 sq m 40 m-deep working shaft. This is a re-bid. Visit http://ted.publications.eu.int/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=069735-2006, OJ S 67, or contact DDE du Var, Toulon, fax +33 494463250 or 494468005. E-mail dde-var@equipement.gouv.fr or sg-marches.dde-var@equipement.gouv.fr 15/06.Open call for tenders, deadline 23rd June, 2006 for technical follow-up of the behaviour of buildings on the alignment of the south tunnel of the underground connection between highways A50 and A57 in Toulon. Visit http://ted.publications.eu.int/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=091065-2006, OJ S 86, or contact DDE du Var, Toulon, fax +33 494463250 or 494468141. E-mail dde-var@equipement.gouv.fr or art-dde-var@equipement.gouv.fr 20/06.Open call for bids, deadline 8th September, 2006 for external topographical supervision, as part of the 1.8 km second tunnel of the underground connection between highways A 50 and A 57 in Toulon. The assignment includes, in particular, the control of measurements in the tunnel. Visit http://ted.europa.eu/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=139284-2006, OJ S 130, or contact DDE du Var, Toulon, fax +33 494463250 or 494468141. E-mail dde-var@equipement.gouv.fr or art.dde-var@equipement.gouv.fr 29/06.A EUR193 million construction contract for the south tunnel of the Toulon crossing, to link highways A 50 and A 57, has been awarded to Bouygues, Soletanche Bachy, and two affiliates of Bouygues, Colas Mediterranee and SREG Sud-Est. The tunnel will carry two lanes and be equipped with a semi-transversal ventilation system. The project includes cut-and-cover stretches (210 m at the west and 201 m at the east), a bored main tunnel (1,818 m), 10 cross passages to the existing tube, one ventilation crosscut, five escape staircases, two connecting galleries and a 250 sq m 40 m-deep working shaft. Visit www.bouygues-construction.com 40/06.The contract awarded to the Bouygues-led consortium to build the second tunnel of the underground connection between highways A50 and A57 in Toulon is worth EUR192.9 million. The contract was signed on 27th October, 2006. The project is financed by the French ministry of transport (27.7%), the Provence-Alps-French Riviera region (27.5%), the Var county council (22.5%), and the Toulon Provence-Mediterranee metropolitan area (22.5%). Construction of this 1.8 km tunnel, which will ensure uninterrupted traffic in the Marseille-Nice direction and take 30,000 cars/day away from the city centre, is expected to begin by the end of the year and last five years. The tunnel will be bored at a depth of 35 metres. In 2009, tenders will be invited for the EUR35 million E&M equipment of the tunnel. The first, Marseille-bound tunnel opened in the opposite direction in 2002. Visit www.var.equipement.gouv.fr 46/06.Open call for tenders, deadline 9th November, 2007 for external control during implementation of the waterproofing in the second bore of the tunnel linking motorways A 50 and A 57 in Toulon. Visit http://ted.europa.eu/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=231505-2007, OJ S 190, or contact DRE PACA, Marseille, fax +33 491284366. 41/07.Egis Rail secured a EUR321,000 contract for external control during implementation of the waterproofing in the second bore of the tunnel linking motorways A 50 and A 57 in Toulon. Visit www.egis-rail.fr 13/08.

Open invitation to tender, deadline 23.07.2010, for installation of electrical wiring, ventilation, lighting, control, safety and signalling equipment in south tube of Toulon subterranean highway linking A50 and A57. Contract duration 22 months. Further information, specs and docs from PSI/UCPAR in Marseille, tel +33 4912843-36, fax-66, e-mail marchespublics.dreal-paca@developpement-durable.gouv.fr to whom tenders or requests to participate must be sent. Visit http://ted.europa.eu/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=157790-2010. 22/10.

Open invitation to tender, deadline moved from 23.07.2010 to 04.08.2010, for installation of electrical wiring, ventilation, lighting, control, safety and signalling equipment in south tube of Toulon subterranean highway linking A50 and A57. Contract duration 22 months. Further information, specs and docs from PSI/UCPAR in Marseille, tel +33 4912843-36, fax-66, e-mail marchespublics.dreal-paca@developpement-durable.gouv.fr to whom tenders or requests to participate must be sent. Visit http://ted.europa.eu/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=201506-2010. 28/10.

JV INEO/Axima/Clemessy (Aix-en-Provence) secured the EUR19.3 million contract, VAT not included, for installation of electrical wiring, ventilation, lighting, control, safety and signaling equipment in south tube of Toulon subterranean highway linking A50 and A57.Contact PSI/UCPAR in Marseille, tel +33 4912843-36, fax-66, e-mail marchespublics.dreal-paca@developpement-durable.gouv.fr. Visit http://ted.europa.eu/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=381648-2011. 50/11

Restricted invitation to tender, deadline 25/10/2019, for the renewal of lighting systems in the north tube of the Toulon tunnel part of the  A50 axis. Value of the contract is EUR 1.1 million, excluding VAT. Contract duration is 14 months. For bid documents https://consultations.escota.com. Contact Escota, Mandelieu, email marches.escota@vinci-autoroutes.com. Click here for further information. Ref.n. 19.041-3. 39/19.

SPIE Citynetworks from Feyzin secured the EUR994,072.12 contract, excluding VAT, for the renewal of lighting systems in the north tube of the Toulon tunnel part of the  A50 axis. Contact Escota, Mandelieu, email marches.escota@vinci-autoroutes.com. Click here for further information. Ref.n. 19.041-3. 22/20.

Invitation to tender for detailed design of twin-tube 300 m-long natural tunnel and two 150 m-long cut and cover tunnels as part of $600 million, 35 km-long Tamarins north-south road between St Denis and St Paul funded by European Union. Contact Region Reunion, Moufia, BP 7190 97717. 29/01. Ministry of Public Works feasibility study for tramway with 6 km in tunnel between Saint Denis and La Possession at projected cost of $1 billion for 2005 construction start. For business connections visit www.runisland.com 31/01. Tenders invited, deadline 13th December, 2001, for technical studies for the Cap-La-Houssaye tunnel and the Rempart de Saint-Paul cut-and-cover on Route des Tamarins. 2 x 350 m-long tunnel, 94 sq m, to be conventionally driven with the complement of a stone crusher and drill/blast through volcanic breccias. Rockbolts, possibly lattice girders, and shotcrete. Concrete final lining. Preliminary studies by CETU. Work from mid-2004 to mid-2005. 2 x 150 m cut-and-cover, 5.5 m high walls, and 8 m radius 14.5 m-wide vaults through hard basalt and scoriaceous layers. Work from early-2004 to early-2005. Civil engineering studies by CETE. Tenders for excavation second half 2002 for both. Visit http://ted.eur-op.eu.int, document S 221-152496 or fax +33 2 62402929, Reunion Regional Council. Also visit www.reunion.equipement.gouv.fr 49/01. Contract for technical studies of first section of road RD10 including the 2 x 350 m Cap La Houssaye tunnel plus 2 x 150 m cut-and-cover awarded to Scetauroute for €687,000. Visit www.reunion.equipement.gouv.fr 19/02. Open call for bids, deadline 7th November, 2002 for survey services including the detailed project, the social and economical costs and the assessment of the economical impact of the Route des Tamarins. Visit http://ted.eur-op.eu.int/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=143103-2002, OJ S 181, or contact Conseil régional de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, fax +262 487234. E-mail clement.padre@cr-reunion.fr and region.reunion@cr-reunion.fr 39/02. Preinformation notice for construction of Route des Tamarins, section 1 from Saint-Paul to RD 10. Contract 4 is for a viaduct and the Rempart de Saint-Paul cut-and-cover tunnel, 2 x 150 m. Value: €50-€75 million. Contract 6 is for construction of the portals of the Cap-la-Houssaye tunnel, 2 x 350 m. Value: €5-€8 million. Contract 9 is for construction of the Cap-la-Houssaye tunnel. Value: €30- €45 million. Visit http://ted.eur-op.eu.int/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=007168-2003, OJ S 10, or contact Conseil régional, Saint-Denis, fax +262 487070 or 7234. E-mail jean-louis.cariou@cr-reunion.fr 04/03.Restricted procedure, deadline 5th September, 2003 for construction of Route des Tamarins, first section Saint-Paul / local road RD10, including a three-lane twin-tube tunnel in Cap-la-Houssaye, length 333 m and 288 m. Visit http://ted.eur-op.eu.int/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=133597-2003, OJ S 147, or contact Conseil régional, Saint-Denis, fax +262 402929. 33/03.

Restricted invitation to tender, deadline 11th May, 2001, for construction of eastern tube of Vierge tunnel. Contact DDE 34, Montpellier, fax +33 46 7156800. 17/01. Single-tube, bi-directional, 1.05 km-long heavy goods traffic bypass in design for 2004 construction start using drill/blast with rockbolt and shotcrete support through limestone and marble in Haute-Garonne region. Enquire at www.cg31.fr 18/01.Existing bi-directional 3.2 km-long cross-border tunnel to be dualled. Alternatives under discussion by Franco-Italian committee. Geotechnical study underway on French section. Contact through www.quid.fr 23/01.

$20 million cut and cover tunnel 800 m-long designed by SNCF in marl and clayey sand. North section under construction by BEC/Soletanche; centre section, with access to Saint Charles station, at tendering stage; south section awarded to Muller TP for start April, 2001. Visit www.soletanche-bachy.com 09/01.

Preliminary consultation May, 2002 for proposed RER connection between Epinay and Grigny which will require 3-4 km-long tunnel in limestone and gypsiferous marl. Construction will start 2004 for completion 2009. December 2000.

Preannouncement of tender to construct 1.6 km-long road with 600 m-long tunnel for DDE du Bas-Rhin, Service des Grands Travaux, fax +33 388 758599. Visit http://ted.eur-op.eu.int December 2000.A JV between Razel and Demathieu & Bard has secured a €12.6 million contract to build a bidirectional single-tube tunnel on a bypass to road RN420 in Alsace. Drill/blast with rock bolts, shotcrete and HEB steel supports. End of excavation in July 2005. Visit www.bas-rhin.equipement.gouv.fr/DDE/tun_schi.htm, www.razel.fr and www.demathieu-bard.fr 38/03.Drill/blast of tunnel on Schirmeck bypass to road RN 420 in Alsace using a Tamrock 316G three-boom jumbo from unique south drive. Support with 20 cm-thick shotcrete with Trefil Arbed fibres and cement grouted rebars. Possibly Super Swellex bolts if needed. Seven blasts per five days (one on Mondays, two on Tuesdays, one on Wednesdays, two on Thursdays and one on Fridays) to comply with safety rules and quietness of the Schirmeck town. No blasting between 22 PM and 6 AM. Canopy of steel pipes on first 20 m with HEB steel arches on first 40 m. To date, progress has reached 90 m. Read E-News Weekly 7/2004 & 3/2002. Visit www.smc.sandvik.com and www.trefilarbed.com 11/04.

Chagnaud/Desquene et Giral jv to use refurbished Lovat 3.84 m-diameter TBM with triple roller main bearing and 4 bar seals for 2.45 km-long tunnel at the Lire-Sud SAGEP project in heavily fractured and weathered chalk with flints of UCS below 10 MPa. Concrete segmental lining rings 1.2 m-long and 250 mm-thick with o.d. 3.645 m. Visit www.lovat.com October 2000. Porte des Thernes shaft diaphragm wall completed and ground injection underway to excavate TBM launch chamber to commence boring in March, 2001for $25.3 million, 2.4 km-long Lire-Sud project. Alignment includes several 300 m-radius curves. Visit www.sagep.fr and www.lovat.com December 2000.

Open invitation to tender for exploration drilling for the Aria-Piana road tunnel, deadline 28th July, 2000. Contact Roads Dept, Ajaccio fax +33 495 516641. July 2000.

Investigation underway by CDG Express for high speed rail link between Gare de l'Est and Roissy-CDG airport which will require a tunnel to connect the east Paris lines to the existing line from Roissy to Marne la Vallee. Partners in CDG Express are Aeroports de Paris, SNCF and RFF. For a useful map of transport links between Paris and its airports visit www.adp.fr and select Roissy. July 2000. Charles-de-Gaulle Express rail link between Gare de l'Est and the Roissy airport will be undergrounded in Mitry-Mory. The line will run on the existing tracks between Paris and Noisy-le-Sec and the remaining 14 km will be built underground up to Tremblay-en-France. Commissioning programmed for 2008. Visit www.cdgexpress.org 46/01.Syndicat des Transports d'Ile-de-France (STIF), the Greater Paris tranport authority, has voted in favour of the CDG Express line, a non-stop rail link from downtown Paris to Roissy-Charles de Gaulle airport. There will be a 10.5 km tunnel. The project is promoted by a JV formed by SNCF - the French state rail company, Aéroports de Paris (ADP) and Réseau Ferré de France (RFF) - the railway infrastructure operator. Visit www.cdgexpress.org and www.stif-idf.fr 07/03.SNCF Ingénierie has secured a €1.4 million contract for technical design of an express line between Gare de l'Est and Charles de Gaulle airport, including a 10.5 km tunnel between Noisy-le-Sec and Tremblay-en-France. Visit www.sncf.fr 40/03.Notice of concession, deadline 30th October, 2006 for the Charles de Gaulle Express line between central Paris and Charles de Gaulle airport in Roissy. The project includes an approx. 700 m cut-and-cover tunnel between Gare de l'Est and Gare du Nord main stations and a 400 m tunnel under runway number 4 at CDG airport. Also, a 300 m bored tunnel and a 200 m cut-and-cover tunnel will be required before the Gare de l'Est station. Read E-News Weekly 24/2004. Visit http://ted.europa.eu/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=160688-2006, OJ S 149, or contact Ministry of transport, Paris, fax +33 140811661. E-mail cdg-express.dtfc.dgmt@equipement.gouv.fr. Also visit www.cdgexpress.org 33-34/06.The five candidates for the concession for the Charles de Gaulle Express, between Gare de l'Est station in Paris and Charles de Gaulle airport in Roissy are: a consortium led by Eiffage, with Macquarie Bank; a consortium led by Bouygues TP, with Seco-Rail, RATP Développement, FIDEPPP and HSBC; a consortium headed by Vinci Concessions, with Vinci, Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, Axa Infrastructure Investissement and Keolis; and two Spanish contenders: ACS's Iridium Concesiones de Infraestructuras teaming with Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF); and FCC. The five candidates will submit their offer next fall. The contract is scheduled to be awarded in the first semester of 2008. Click fr/30 to learn more. 06/07.The Ministry for environment, energy, sustainable development and land use planning announced that it had selected a preferred bidder to finance, build and manage the Charles de Gaulle (CDG) Express airport rail link. The chosen consortium of VINCI Concessions, VINCI SA, Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations (CDC), Axa Infrastructure Investissement and Keolis will now negotiate the concession agreement, which is expected to be signed at the beginning of 2009. The planning and enquiry process leading to the award of a declaration of public utility for the project is due to be completed by the end of this year, and the line is scheduled to open in 2013. The 32 km route will start from Paris Est main railway station and run though a new 700 m tunnel, 220 m of which using the cut-and-cover technique, to reach a pair of tracks parallel to Line B of the regional express railway (RER) network. Beyond Aulnay-sous-Bois, the CDG Express link will diverge at Villeparisis on to a 8 km double-track branch paralleling the high speed interconnection to a new terminus at the airport. From there, the existing VAL people mover will provide connections to the various terminals. The line also requires a 300 m bored tunnel and a 200 m cut-and-cover tunnel. Plans call for non-stop trains to run at 15 minutes intervals, taking just 20 minutes. The CDG Express will double rail transport capacity between the Paris city centre and CDG airport in Roissy and is expected to boost the rail share of traffic between Paris and the airport from 22% to 40%. Visit www.vinci-concessions.com, www.vinci.com, www.cdgexpress.fr and www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/DP_CDG_complet_cle519847-2.pdf 31/08.

Negotiated invitation to tender, deadline 01.02.2019, for general management during the installation of tunnel safety equipment, construction of smoke extraction plant and of emergency access in CDG Express’s, zone H, Paris (Lot 17D). The tunnel is 1km long and its alignment is under airport route 2 and 4. For documents https://fournisseurs.aeroportsdeparis.fr where offers must be sent.

Contact Aeroports de Paris, attn Antoine Bruggeman, Tremblay-en-France, tel +33 670929138, email antoine.bruggeman@adp.fr. For bid documents click here.

Ref.n. SPA015287. 03/19.

The Consortium composed of Valerian Agence IDF et Nord (Lagny-sur-Marne, FR), SPIE Batignolles Genie Civil (Nanterre, FR), Demathieu Bard Construction (Pontault-Combault, FR), Colas Rail - Agence Grands Travaux (Louveciennes, FR), Annonce Securite Pilotage (Louveciennes, FR), Entreprise Fer Expert SASU (Bruz, FR) and Egis Rail SA (Lione, FR) secured the EUR51.65 million, excluding VAT, for the construction of the new track, catenaries and civil engineering structures in the sections G (4.4km) and  H (1.7 km tunnel) of CDG Express,  the railway connection between Roissy-Charles de Gaulle Airport and Paris. Contact SNCF Reseau, attn Anne Burner, Paris, tel +33 172639911, fax +33 171323840, email anne.burner@sncf.fr. For bid documents click here.

Ref.n. 2018DOS075686. 39/19.

Negotiated invitation to tender, deadline 31/10/2019, for construction and maintenance of safety equipment in a tunnel, for the construction of a smoke extraction plant and emergency access for the CDG Express’s tunnel under CDG Airport in Paris  (Lot 17D). The duration of the contract is 120 months. Contact Aeroports de Paris, attn Jurcy Annie, Tremblay-en-France, tel +33 686463765, email annie.jurcy@adp.fr. For bid documents please click here.

GU 191. Ref.n. SPA016098. 41/19.

Consultation underway to decide on route of north Dijon bypass. If a western route is chosen, tunnels will be required. Initial estimates range from $110 million to $ 180 million for the 6 - 12 km of highway required, including about 1 km of tunnel. June 2000.Invitation to tender by restricted procedure, deadline 20.03.2009, for construction of 2 x 600 m-long Peute Combe tunnel with three crosspassages and 12 niches. Drill/blast in rock with bolts, mesh and shotcrete as necessary. Work to commence March, 2010 for 25 months. Specs and docs from Roger Gabette, tel +33 3802 94413, e-mail srmo-dre21@developpement-durable.gouv.fr. Further information from Yves Chamerois at SNCF/DI, fax +33 1416 24879, e-mail yves.chamerois@sncf.fr. http://ted.europa.eu/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=049559-2009 09/09.

Award of contract, value EUR22,736,976 excluding VAT, for construction of 2 x 600 m-long Peute Combe tunnel with three crosspassages and 12 niches to Societe BEC Freres of Saint Georges d'Orques, e-mail pagcts@bec.fayat.com, tel +33 4671010-10, fax -07. Drill/blast in rock with bolts, mesh and shotcrete as necessary. Visit http://ted.europa.eu/udl?request=Seek-Deliver&language=en&docid=360921-2010. 49/10.